What is periodontal disease?

Gum disease, or more correctly called "periodontal disease", is a bacterial infection in the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It can be divided into several categories. The first stage is called "gingivitis" and is characterized by gum tissue that is red, puffy, and bleeds easily when touched with a toothbrush, floss or dental instrument.

The second, third, and fourth stages are initial, moderate, and advanced "periodontal disease", respectively. These stages are different from gingivitis because the infection has destroyed the bone supporting the teeth, causing eventual tooth loss. The treatment is more involved at these stages, usually consisting of a special cleaning with anesthesia and sometimes gum surgery. Periodontal disease can go on for years without pain and without detection unless specific examination procedures are performed. Visual oral examination by itself (even by a dentist) will not reliably detect periodontal disease until it has reached an advanced stage.

Early detection and adequate diagnosis require measurement of pockets (the crevice between the tooth and gum) with a periodontal probe. The earlier you catch the disease, the better the prognosis with treatment. However, advances in periodontal treatment are such that we can sometimes help you regrow lost bone support. Dental implants are very predictable as well, and should always be considered as an option in advanced cases. If you have concerns about periodontal disease, please contact our office and we will help you make the best decision, so that your treatment is as predictable and long-lasting as possible.

Dr. Lee Sheldon